Human geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human geography - Essay Example Geography has a rich tradition as a study Human being from earlier times had to interpret and interact with different spatial element. Knox and Marston studied human geography form a contemporary aspect. They have simplified the human geography in to three tiers; the core, the periphery and semi - periphery. The core are those countries which are the super powers of the world. They have immense wealth and power. The peripheral countries are those who are under developed and achieve no benefits from rich countries .Finally the semi – periphery countries are those which are industrializing and capitalizing countries. They resemble the characteristics of both core and peripheral regions. They play major role in enhancing the economic, social and political growth of core and peripheral regions. Even their geographical positioning comes between core and peripheral areas. Semi peripheral nations have dominance over peripheral ones and further technological developments can lead to their chances of being turned into core nation. development. These nations are on their way to position themselves as wealthy nations. They have well advanced economies but are yet to show their signs of development. Where as poor nations is far behind from rich nation and super powers, they require lot of time to even cross the poverty line. Traditional method only give importance to rich and poor, they are completely ignoring the rapidly boosting economies like India, china etc. Middle class nations with little more development in different areas like technological and politics can emerge as a well developed nation. Knox and mars ton gives complete importance to the semi peripheral category. They constitute as a different sector of the global economy. They help both developed and developing countries in the growth. These regions paves way to technological innovation and industrial development and this stimulates the growth of the economy of the

Bachalor of Commerce, Knowledge and Organisational Learning Essay

Bachalor of Commerce, Knowledge and Organisational Learning - Essay Example Knowledge management has recently emerged to be a successful management strategy that can help organizations manage the available human capital in the business (Noe and Hollenbeck, 2004, p. 1-3). People in the organization are most valuable assets and therefore recruiting and retaining knowledgeable, skilled, experienced and productive people have become highest priority of modern human resources management. This piece of research paper described knowledge management, as an HRM interdisciplinary and examines how it becomes relevant in today’s business landscape. This paper presents various elements that are relevant in the knowledge management process and examines various strategic perspectives as well as suitable technologies for fostering knowledge management in the business. Knowledge Management As Noe (2002, p. 168) noted, knowledge management is a management process that the performance of a business can be enhanced by designing, implementing and strategically aligning va rious tools, processes, systems, structure and cultures with a view to create and share knowledge among its people and to use for overall business purpose. The very basic three elements included in Knowledge management are 1) creation of the knowledge through some effective strategies, 2) sharing of the created knowledge among people and 3) making it available and useful for any business purpose. Knowledge Management has been found to be useful for the organization as it helps it get the products to the target market quicker, develop innovative ideas, serve the customer well in order to maintain customer loyalty and retention and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. As Boxall and Macky (2009, p. 10) emphasized, knowledge management helps a business achieve high performance working through various strategic processes and organizational development programs. Knowledge Management has emerged to be a management tool that focuses on data, information and knowledge among the employ ees in an organization (Awad and Ghaziri, 2007, p. 26) and encompasses the processes by which experience, skills, expertise, knowledge and abilities are gathered, then shared among the people and utilized so that these can be converted to collective organizational learning process (Foster, 2005, p. 397). Knowledge Management Models Explicit and Tacit Knowledge Knowledge management talks about creating, storing, sharing and utilizing data, information and knowledge either throughout papers, documents and database, or throughout the minds of people. This is a classification of knowledge based on where data and information are stored. When it comes to the management aspects, pure data and pure information have relatively less impact for a manager whereas structured data and information are relatively highly useful and effective measures that can be used to analyze and find solutions to issues (Noe, , 2002, p. 170). Based in the above classification, knowledge management is systematic p rocess and strategic approach for obtaining and making use of knowledge in the business throughout papers or documents or computers as commonly referred as explicit knowledge or sharing and making use of the knowledge throughout the people’s minds as commonly termed as tacit knowledge. To be more specific, KM is managing either explicit knowledge, or tacit knowledge or both together effectively. In managing

Toxicology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Toxicology - Essay Example gy disciplines, which relate well to occupational health and safety as they protect the staff from toxicity exposure at their work places (Greim, & Snyder, 2008). Clinical toxicology dwells on the effects of drugs as well as other chemicals in human beings. Every human being is exposed to chemicals and drugs at least once in their lives and it is usually accompanies with effects. This discipline tries to analyze the relationship between the doses of drugs and the effects they cause on people. Usually, a clinical toxicologist is in charge of this sector and usually aims at treating people who have faced such exposures. The clinical toxicologist is present in clinical settings to handle such incidents. This way, occupation health and safety is enhanced because the clinical toxicologist will first observe the symptoms and provide a treatment plan as well as advising on how one can cope with some adverse effects. Industries are known for their manufacturing and processing procedures. The goods produced are of a wide variety and some are consumables. This discipline of toxicology aims at ensuring that the products a company produces are safe hence do not pose a risk to consumers as well as employees (Kacew, & Lee, 2013). This discipline relates to occupational health and safety since it ensures that laboratory tests are conducted to ensure that the components used in manufacturing the products do not have negative side effects. This is necessary since the employees are constantly in contact with the raw materials during processing and even the final products as they conduct sales to the consumers. This puts them at risk and a company should therefore have industrial toxicologists that will ensure that the wide range of products is safe and effective. Forensic toxicology is a discipline of toxicology, which deals with gathering and providing information to the authorities following the event of drugs and poison exposure (Kacew & Lee, 2013). Forensic toxicologists

The Plague of Cheating and Internet Plagiarism :: Journalistic Essays

Internet Essays - The Plague of Internet Plagiarism Not all thieves lurk in dark alleys and parks. Some sit with their faces lit by the glow of their computer monitors, copying, pasting, and printing. It may seem like just another helpful source of information, but the Internet has taken the theft of "intellectual property" to a new level. Part of the problem is that most students don't really know the exact definition of plagiarism or its consequences. Some say that using someone else's ideas without attributing them is a form of theft, but most people don't think of it as a serious crime. For teachers, Internet plagiarism has been especially problematic compared to "theft" from other sources. This is because it is so difficult to locate the origin of Internet material. To counter student plagiarism, Internet services designed to detect copied material have emerged to aid teachers. One Internet company, TurnItIn.com, has developed a system for detecting material plagiarized from the Internet. Teachers can upload student works onto the site, which searches for similarities to material from all over the Web. The teachers receive an "originality report" within a few days. To utilize this new technology, a few teachers at this high school are having students submit their papers on disk as well as on paper. "The threat of using [these programs] will stop a lot of students. They will be afraid they'll be caught. Unfortunately, fear is what works," English teacher Judy Grear said. English teacher Barbara Swovelin said, "With all the info that's on the Internet, it's understandable that we go to it to get information. It's understandable that people would use it as a resource. The legal and moral issues come in when students use it improperly." A main concern is not only the use of a few plagiarized sentences, but of entire papers. "Paper mills" like SchoolSucks.com and Evil House of Cheat are some of the most popular sources for pirated papers. Sites like these, which have achieved fame and notoriety among slackers everywhere, were the motivation for TurnItIn.com and similar sites. In addition to such blatant "cut and paste" plagiarism, most teachers agree that students must be wary of the theft of ideas. One plagiarism-detection program, Word Check, asserts through their Web site, "Whether you agree or disagree on how information should be used or reused in digital form, one thing is clear: protecting intellectual property from theft and infringement is the number one security issue.

Consequences Of Oil Spill Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay

On March 24, 1984 the oil oiler Exxon Valdez entered Prince William Sound which is on the manner towards California. Due to the conditions and unnatural sea conditions, the ship ran aground and began sloping oil. Within a fraction of second an environmental incubus began that changed non merely the Prince William Sound but the universe. Within a short period of clip a sum of 11,000,000 gallons of Alaska North Scope petroleum oil leaked into environment from the ruptured hull of the ship. Within a month the petroleum oil had been driven along a way stretching about 750km to the sou'-west. The killing procedure took 3 old ages and the cost was over 2.1billion ( usd ) . The decease toll in footings of wildlife in the sea was reeling and the full impact may ne'er be known. The Exxon Mobil Corporation or Exxon Mobil, is an American transnational oil and gas corporation. Exxon Mobil is one of the largest publically traded companies in the worldhaving been high ranked. Over the last 125 old ages Exxon mobil has evolved from a regional seller of kerosine in the United States to the largest publically traded crude oil and petrochemical endeavor in the universe. Today Exxon Mobil is best known by their familiar trade names and names such as Exxon, Esso and Mobil. They are doing merchandise that drive modern transit, power metropoliss, lubricate industry and provides petrochemical edifice blocks that lead to thousand of consumer goods. Vision – Progress in energy efficiency across planetary refinement and chemical operations by 10 % between the twelvemonth 2002 and 2012. The refinement and chemical concerns are in charge for make their vision to come alive. Under the counsel of the presidents of refinement and chemical, site operations direction implements facility-level energy strength betterments. Exxon mobil ‘s Corporate safety, security, wellness, and environment Department collects informations sing the advancement from the concern and make presentation one-year footing to the Management Committee and the Public Issues and Contributions Committee of the board reappraisal and treatments. As one of the universe ‘s largest publically traded integrated energy company, Exxon Mobil ‘s premier duty is to place, develop, and safely present dependable supplies which in energy signifier to people around the universe while supplying a return for their stockholders. To accomplish their purposes and vision, Exxon has its ain aims. Economic development Exxon looks frontward to make a long term economic and societal benefits from their undertaking and presence. To keep smooth gross flows Exxon Mobil employ a assortment of incentive plans and economic support which aid cut down barriers for development. This besides guarantee to better local substructure, create occupations, enhance instruction and drive economic activity faster. Safety, wellness and the workplace Exxon mobil give more precedence to protects the safety of their employees, contractors, clients and the populace. They ever try to keep their nucleus value which is safety, security and wellness. They besides encourage employee development and a positive ambiance. Environmental public presentation While stressing safety, wellness and workplace, Exxon mobil besides conveying along their concern in mode protects the environment. They integrate ecological considerations during the development of a undertaking.Oil refinery industrial procedure and operationCrude oil is the get downing point of doing crude oil fuels, lubricators, medical equipment, electronics and so many things. These rough oil is taken from under the land or deep ocean. The rough oil comes from deep resistance where the remains of the workss and animate beings from 1000000s of old ages ago have been heated and pressured over clip. By and large the petroleum oil is blackish in coloring material. There are many types of petroleum oil.The refinement procedureOnce the petroleum oil has been discovered, it drilled and brought to the Earth ‘s surface. Than it transported to a refinery by grapevine or ship. At the refinery, it is converted into consumer and industrial merchandises. There are 3 major refinery proce dure behavior by Exxon mobil to alter rough oil into finished merchandises.SeparationIs the first measure to divide the petroleum oil into its of course happening constituents. The procedure call distillment where using heat is carried out to carry through the separation procedure. Separation performed in a series of distillment towers, with the bottom merchandise from each tower feeding the following. The hottest point of the distillment tower can make every bit much as 400 degree Celsius. Merchandises from the distillment tower scope from gases at the top to really heavy, syrupy liquids at the underside. In all instances, these merchandise watercourses are still considered unfinished and necessitate farther processing to go utile merchandises.DISTILLATION PROCESSConversionDistillation seperates the petroleum oil into unfinished merchandises. However the merchandises non of course exist in petroleum. In this phase, there is excessively small gasoline and excessively much of heavy oil left. So the transition procedure carried out to change over low valued heavy oil into high value gasoline. The transition procedure is so much of import in the oil refinery procedure. All merchandise in the refinery procedure stands in same edifice blocks which is C and hydrocarbon ironss. The longer the concatenation the heavier the merchandise will be. The procedure of change overing the heavier hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons is the nucleus intent of the transition procedure.PurificationOnce the petroleum oil has through the procedure separation and transition, the resulting merchandises is ready for purification procedure. This procedure is fundamentally sulphur remotion procedure. This procedure is done by hy drotreating procedure, where convert heavy molecules into lighter 1s. Finally the modern refinery and petrochemical engineering can transform the petroleum oil into literally 1000s of usage full merchandises.Hazard that lead to oil spill catastrophe and pollutionThe tragic accident which happened in Alaska ‘s Prince William Sound is profoundly regretted by the company. The major hazard encountered by Exxon Valdez was go throughing through icebergs. The captain has ordered his 3rd mate to turn around the iceberg and handed him the wheels. He than replaced by another adult male. So the message was non sent to him. Miscommunication seems to play a major portion for this oil spill. The captain failed to supply a proper direction and orders to his 3rd mate due to damage of intoxicant. The direction besides plays a portion in making hazard which lead to the catastrophe. They failed to supply plenty work force for the captain. The U.S seashore guard besides failed to supply sufficien t information on vas traffic system. There besides much hazard may do oil spill but non the Valdez spill. Natural ooze besides can do oil spill. When the tectonic home bases shift place there are some oil escape from the militias trapped deep under the ocean. Natural ooze is besides addition due to human activity such as boring. The method choose to make full the well besides one of the hazard which lead to the spill. For illustration BP besides chose to lade the well with saltwater, instead than weighty boring clay. This procedure than go forthing the well vulnerable to an rush of oil and gas. A status that is non allowed for exploratory Wellss drilled in other topographic points, experts said. The company besides chose non to utilize automatic stoppers, devices put inside the pipe that besides can blockade oil and gas which lead to detonation. Oil remains a preferable energy beginning and increasing demand for this resource translates to an increasing demand to transport them where they are needed safely, quickly and at the cheapest cost. In this respect, grapevines remain a cost-efficient pick particularly for transporting at long distances on land. Consequently, building of these mega grapevine substructure undertakings will hold immediate important impacts on the environment in the event of a big release of hydrocarbons. It is necessary so that these undertakings be carefully assessed and managed to extenuate the inauspicious impacts of an oil spill incident. The companies involved in oil derive each have their ain informations. They are besides each responsible for operations. If informations non shared consequently, there will be opportunities of accident which may subsequently do oil spill. They should portion the informations otherwise and carried out the operation otherwise. Another the most common hazard that lead to oil spill is runoff from the land. Many land-based engines are running by crude oil fuel or crude oil based lubricators. All these substances are easy released, where roll uping on roads and in the land where eventually stop up in ocean. This happens due to miss of consciousness among us. These issues may do a serious pollution issue.Consequences of all the jeopardies of the spill catastropheThe 1989 Valdez incident was one of the lowest points in Exxon Mobil ‘s 125 twelvemonth history. The incident made Exxon Mobile took duty over the oil spill. As portion of the condemnable supplication understanding, the tribunal fined Exxon $ 150 million. They spent over $ 4.3 billion. The killing procedure required about 10,000 plus workers, 1,000 over boats and approximately 100 over aeroplanes and choppers. The all right which Exxon Mobile paid was the largest all right of all time for the environmental offense. This was the direct impact from the catastrophe. The spill had caused over $ 300 million injury particularly to economic wise more than 32 1000 people whose supports depended on commercial fishing. Oil spill hold a serious consequence on marine life every bit good. Oil spill cause dislocation of gas exchange. This ulterior lead to decease of plankton and fish. The petroleum oil besides poisoning animate beings. Marine life dies due to this grounds. Besides marine life birds besides affected by oil spill. Birds which have direct contact with oil affects its protective outer coat. It breaks down the insulating capacity of plumes and pelt and motion. Spending which allocated for touristry decreased by eight per centum in south cardinal Alaska and by 30 five per centum in south west Alaska in the twelvemonth after the spill. Deceased fishes and birds all get washed up on the shoreline and the oil slipperiness interferes in actions such as seafaring, swimming, fishing and touristry. The local touristry industry suffers the much because tourers are non acute in coming to a coastal country where they can non make the activities which listed above. There was a loss of around 9,000 visitants and $ 5.5 million in province disbursement. Industries that depend on clean saltwater for regular operations can besides impact because operations have to be stopped while the procedure of cleaning the H2O. Oil spill besides straight affects the economic system. Recreational athletics fishing had direct impact from Exxon Valdez oil spill. This loss was estimated based on the impacts of the oil spill.for the twelvemonth 1989, the doomed was estimated around $ 580million. The oil spill catastrophe is non a job which can be cleaned instantly. It leaves a long term effects to the environment. After 12 old ages from the spill, a study showed oil could still be found on half of the 91 indiscriminately selected beaches. For illustration, serious exposures for old ages after the spill to oil persisting in sedimentary safeties were proves from biomarkers in fish, sea otters, and sea ducks confidentially connected with deposits for egg laying or forage. These continual exposures improved mortality for old ages.Improvements and alterations in the directionAfter the awful incident, Exxon Mobil had doubled its long-time committedness to safeguard the environment, employees and runing communities over the worldwide. To forestall another catastrophe Exxon Mobil had modified its oiler paths. They planned consequently the paths. They even instituted drug and intoxicant testing plans for safety and sensitive issue. They had learned a lesson from the old catastrophe. Implementing more extended periodic appraisal of Exxon Mobil vass and installations seems another measure to forestall oil spill. They even applied new engineering to better vas pilotage and guarantee the unity of oil containment systems. Not merely Exxon Mobil but each and every direction involved in this field should fix some betterment to forestall oil spill. There are ; – Hazard appraisal – through a comprehensive hazard appraisal, can organize a solid scientific foundation for all their response programs. . It gives an indicant on where you can place your intercession steps and what equipment needs to be at that place to efficaciously pull off a spill incident. Environmental sensitivenesss – see the sensitivenesss in the country which may be potentially impacted in an oil spill. Pipeline response scheme – the grapevines are normally really long and it is non possible to mensurate spill sensor every kilometres. So should pattern sitting of response bases to react in an efficient and timely mode. Equipment types and measure – the quality of the equipment is really of import. Management should verify whether the equipment following the ISO criterion. Stakeholder direction – this is an unmarked critical component. A stakeholder is anyone who has an involvement in the undertaking and can act upon or impact the success of a undertaking. Management should see and understand their motivations and place

The Use Of Cell Phone Usage - 971 Words

The Use of Cell Phone Cell phone usage started in 1973. Motorola was the first company to invent cell phone. They produced first cell phones which were connected with the cars. (‘’http: mashable.com’’). At that time, People were using car cell phones primarily for business. After 1973. Companies started updating cell phones technologies throughout the years. Cell phone technologies has a variety of options Internet. The use of google maps, which people use to find addresses, how many mileage people need to drive to where they want to go? Video chats, people use to make a video call where they can see the person they are talking to the library book store app, the old days people will have to buy the books from the bookstore But now people can download any book they want and save to their phones. Therefore, everybody should depend on using the cell phone in their daily life, because it makes it easier to connect with families, friends, and what is happening around the world. T he first advantage of people who use cell phones are that they are able to communicate with their families, and friends and for work. People of my father’s generation didn’t have cell phones, so whenever my father wanted to contact his family and friends who lived in different places, he would either write a letter to them or he would record his voice on a cassette and they would reply after days or months. These days when I call him on his cell phone any time I want, he says, â€Å"I am so happy,Show MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Cell Phones in Schools626 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans place and receive most, if not all, of their calls on a wireless phone. The increase in cell phone usage has expanded into our children’s schools. Many children in today’s society carry a cell phone on their person to school. This increase of usage and change of demographic has created a debate in many schools. Read more: Pros Cons of Cell Phones in Schools | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5393195_pros-cons-cell-phones-schools.html#ixzz29NbPSPub School Emergencies The increase of schoolRead MoreDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageslast few decades, the use of cell phones has become a very common tool. Furthermore, Technology has certainly advanced, and the cell phone is becoming the most preferred mode of communication. The demand for a cell phone is growing every day. In addition, the use of wireless technology is affordable, and anyone can buy a cell phone at a reasonable price. They come in all shapes and sizes. They range from black to bright metallic white. American public use of cell phones is increasing everydayRead MoreCell Phones in the Public800 Words   |  4 PagesCell Phones in the Public Cell phones play an integral role in our lives, and we conduct many useful functions through them daily. 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Impact of human capital on financial performance of the insurance companies in Pakistan; State life efu. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2104 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Topic: Impact of human capital on financial performance of the insurance companies in Pakistan; State life efu. Abstract Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of human capital on financial performance of the insurance companies in Pakistan; State life efu." essay for you Create order The focus of this study is to examine the significance of the human capital on the financial performance of the insurance sectors in Pakistan. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised financial statement of insuranceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s companies and literature review. The result will show the human capital effect will have a positive impact on the insurance companies. This paper will proceed as follows. The first section will cover the literature review on insurance company. Afterwards conceptual framework will be presented on the basis of conceptual framework and its constructs propositions will be covered. Finally discussion and significance of this study in practical and academic perspective will be presented. Keyword: Human capital (Independent variable), financial performance (Dependent variable). Literature review: In the most recent research suggest that human capital refers to the human capabilities, education, experience and skills and particularly the characteristics of top managers affect firm outcomes. (Finkelstein Hambrick, 1996;Huselid, 1995;Pennings et al., 1998;Wright, Smart, McMahon, 1995). Investment in human capital is widely believed to improve the performance of employees. [Arthur, 1994; Bishop 1994; Boselie, Paauwe and Jansen, 2001; Gelderblom and de konting, 1996; Huselid, 1995; MacDuffie, 1995]. Many researchers have tried to explain the importance of human capital in various industry sectors. The empirical literature expose that human capital is one of the important and valuable strategic assets. (Hayton, 2005). The internal structure capital contains innovation generated by the research and development teams, policies and internal environment etc. (Guthrie Petty, 2000). Human capital is very important which creates values for the organization. (Royal and Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Donnell,2008). The companies which have well and efficient stock of human capital have competitive advantage and these companies may have better capability to make strategic decision in turbulent business environment. Many multinational companies (MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s) has huge budget on employees in the form of professional training and workers compensation benefits to enhance the intellectual abilities. Furthermore, many firms have failed to invest on employees for enhancing the motivation and loyalty of workers which put their success and survival at risk. [De Pablos (2003)] Human capital has one of the import components of intellectual capital for raising the efficiency and effectiveness of employees. (De Pablos, 2003). Although human capital has many positive benefits, it represents costs to firms as well. For example, the value of graduates from the top institutions in the external labor market is likely high, particularly shortly after their graduations (Bierman Gely, 1995). Partners own the most human capital in a firm and have the largest stakes in using the firms resources to the greatest advantage. One of the responsibilities of partners is to help develop the knowledge of other employees of the firm, particularly its associates. For example, associates at law firms need to learn internal routines, the idiosyncrasies of important clients, nuances in the application of law, and more. Building associates knowledge necessitates that partners leverage their own knowledge, particularly their tacit knowledge (Baron Kreps, 1999). Tacit knowledge is revealed through its application and can only be acquired through its practice (Grant, 1996). Thus, transferring tacit ability is a slow and complicated process (Teece et al., 1997) that entails using the knowledge (Lei, Hitt, Bettis, 1996). Another researcher has said that human capital has positive relationship with firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Companies which have better human capital efficiency have better financial performance. (Bontis et al. 2000). According to the resources, performance difference across firms can be attributed to the variance in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s resources and capabilities. Resources are very valuable, unique and difficult to imitate can show the basis for firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitive advantage. (Amit Schoemaker, 1993; Barney, 1991). It is the human capabilities which increases or decreases the organizational performance especially the financial performance of the organizations. Leadership has an effect on the financial performance and the climate of the organizations (Bas A. S. Koene, Ad L. W. Vogelaar and Joseph L. Soeters (2002)). Severeral studies also have been conducted to measure the performance of the insurance compnies. For instance; Sloan, A and Conover, J.(1998) collected that operational status of insurers do not reflex the profitability of being insured but public coverage have little bit impact on profitability of insurance companies. In addition, insurance companies must have to diversify their investment and use effective hedging techniques which help them to create better financial revenues. In turn, these competing advantages produce positive returns (Peteraf, 1993). Most of the less factual tests of the resource-based view that have been conducted have backing positive, straightforward effects of assets (cf.Miller Shamsie, 1996;Pennings, Lee, van Witteloostuijn, 1998). However, scholars argue that resources form the basis of firm strategies (e.g.,Barney, 1991) and are critical in the implementation of those strategies as well (Schoenecker Cooper, 1998). Performance is the important function of the organization to manage all the resources of the organization in different ways and to gain the competitive edge (Sri Iswati, Muslich Anshori, 2007). To convert the performance of the organization into monetary terms is called financial performance. Researcher defined intellectual capital as a knowledge that can establish the value of the organizations (Edvinsson and Malone, 1997). Firm performance, was defined as the ratio of net income to total firm revenue. These data were derived from a profitability index reported annually by theAmerican Lawyer, the API, which is the ratio of profits per partner to revenue per lawyer and is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an expression of how effectively a firm converts revenue into partner profitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Brill, 1987: 16). The effect of firm size was controlled through the dependent variable (profits adjusted for total revenues). However, we included three other variables to control for their potential effects on firm performance, our dependent variable. These were large corporate clients, clients in new markets, and mode of market entry. Learning complex forms of knowledge requires face-to-face communications between partners and associates (Lane Lubatkin, 1998). Thus, partners must work with associates to transfer tacit knowledge. Junior and senior employees (associates with one or more partners) are assigned to teams that work on major projects for clients (Maister, 1993). In this way, the partners knowledge and capabilities are leveraged and associates also gain tacit and, often, firm-specific knowledge. Therefore it is very important link between the utilization of human capital and the performance of the organization (Lahteenmaki et al, 1998; Baird And Meshoulan, 1998). Just like other intellectual capital the capabilities of the human resource or the strategic human resource cannot be seen on the balance sheet (Tomer, 1987; Analoui, 1998b). Background of Insurance: The concept of insurance, according to (Gollier C., 2003), involves capital from many insured firms in order to pay for deficits which can occur to these things. The purpose of insurance is to protect the financial stability of an individual, company or other stuff in the case of deficit. Insurance can be explained from view point of discipline, including laws, economics, history, actuarial science, risk theory and sociology. It is equitable transfer of the risk from one object to another, in transaction for a premium. (Rejda, 2008). History of insurance is very old, in other words insurance appears to have some sort of link with human society. Romans and Greeks started the origins of health and life insurance back in 600 AD when they established guilds called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“benevolent societiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which look after the families who lost their relatives. (John, 1961). A researcher found a significant relationship with the financial performance of the organization and the sturutural capital in Malaysian firm and concluding that the investment in intellectual capital especially in the structural capital grows the competitive edge of that firm (Bontis et al., 2000). Internal structural capital therefore includes items such as strategy, patents, and brand names. Finally relational capital captures relationships with third parties, such as customers and suppliers (Bontis, 2001). If IC is linked to firm performance, firms and investors would benefit from this disclosure. However other barriers to disclosure exist such as the cost of obtaining information on intangibles, or the perceived loss of competitive advantage with disclosure (Vergauwen et al., 2007). Financial performance is the main objective and the main tool of every entity. So every firm wants to increase its financial performance by different ways. By financial performance we mean that it is the monetary measuring of the results of firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s processes and operations e.g. return on equity, assets, investment etc (Business Dictionary). However, the number of multinational firms slips from 77 in 1947 to 25 in 1972 due to political unpredictability and separation of East Pakistan (Talha, 2007; Khan, 2007). Insurance in (Pakistan): The government of Pakistan inaugurated the office of insurance in April 1948. The main aim of this sector is to check the affairs related to the insurance sector. Main features of insurance ordinance, 2000: The insurance business has been divided into two main divisions, Life Insurance Business; and Non-Life Insurance Business. Each of these two divisions has further been divided into various categories. Funds for the life insurance and as well as for the non-life insurance firms have been jumped from Rs. 100 million to Rs. 150 million and from Rs. 40 million to Rs. 80 million appropriately. Punitive provisions for conflicts the insurance laws have been made stricter. Plan has been made for the firms of an Insurance Ombudsman who shall have the right to examine mal-administration of insurance firms and to amend grievances of the insurers. Provision has been made for the constitution of an Insurance Tribunal which shall have civil as well as scandals. Administration of the insurance law has been made more sufficient by giving to the Commission powers of investigate and issuance of directives. The minimum solvency margin has not been fixed and is to be prescribed under the rules from time to time. Limited provisions have been made for the development of a small conflicts resolution committee for speedy settlement of minor cases. For the last few decades, Pakistani life insurance companies have shown positive result which not only creates the employment opportunities but also increase the business activities in the economy. However financial statistics has shown that in Pakistan the growth of life insurance companies as these firms comprises 52% and 69% share of all (life plus non insurance life) insurance markets in the form of net premiums. (Insurance Year Book, 2007) In addition the premium result was jumped by 36%, therefore it shows remarkable progress in life insurance department of Pakistan. (Insurance Year Book, 2007) In Pakistan insurance sectors act as financial intermediaries. Insurance companies includes private and public that involves the companies which provides life, marriage, health and many other forms of insurance. Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial sector has revealed the positive flexibility to a face macroeconomic environment and global developments. (State Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Financial Stability Review 2008-09). The size of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial sectors that are Banks, Non-Bank Financial Institutions, Microfinance Sectors, and Central Depository of National Savings, the Insurance area, and financial providers, in terms of things or assets, has shoot up to Rs 8.2 trillion during the end of June 2009 from Rs 7.1 trillion in the end of December 2007. The record analyzes the developments in 2008 and during the first six months of 2009 (State Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Financial Stability Review 2008-09). Further this analyze insure us that the insurance underwriting cycle may play a vital role in influencing insurance premium growth rates. (Chen et al. 2009) has expressed that profitability of insurance companies decreased with the increased in equity ratio. In addition, insurance industries must have to diversify their investment and use effective hedging techniques which will help them to generate better financial revenue. For the last few decades, Pakistani life insurance companies have shown positive result which not only creates the employment opportunities but also increase the business activities in the economy. However financial statistics has shown that in Pakistan the growth of life insurance companies as these firms comprises 52% and 69% share of all (life plus non insurance life) insurance markets in the form of net premiums. (Insurance Year Book, 2007) In addition the premium result was jumped by 36%, therefore it shows remarkable progress in life insurance department of Pakistan. (Insurance Year Book, 2007) In the consideration of life insurance industry is an important debate for the regulators and rules makers to support the sector in achieving their goals so that desirable result can be achieved in the sector of insurance sectors in Pakistan. The focus in this research is on the performance effects of human capital, the leveraging of that capital and as well as the interaction of human capital with the firm strategy. Moreover, this research contributes the mutual expertise ideas on the resource based view of the organizations. Specifically, it will target the effects of human capital on organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance and importantly, illuminates how resources, such as human capital, moderate the relationship with service and geographic diversification strategies and firm performance.