Grapes Of Wrath Essays (548 words) - Marriage, Family, Gender

Grapes of Wrath Annonymous In the story Giovanni and Lusanna , written and researched by Gene Brucker, there is a woman who has taken her alleged husband to court, because he has married another woman. The story is a factual account of what transpired during this court case and the remainder of Giovanni?s life. There are several similarities between their world and ours, but for the most part we live in a totally different environment. Our standards of living have greatly improved, but more than that our society has grown more tolerant toward the people who deviate from everyday standards. The story starts out with Lusanna as a married woman who caught the eye of a wealthy young man named Giovanni. As time wore on they allegedly fell in love and enjoyed all of the pleasures of their love. It was later claimed by Lusanna that Giovanni had promised to marry her in the event of her husband?s death. Her husband soon died a questionable death that left open the possibility of poison. Unlike today?s world divorce was unheard of, and unacceptable. Giovanni then refused to marry her in a public wedding because his social status would be greatly hurt to marry some one in the working class of Florence. This is another example of why today?s society is so much different from how it was when they lived. Another strange thing about their society is the open humiliation that people were subjected to. It was said that Lusanna first husband was called a ?cuckold ? to his face. People who were said to earn money in a dirty fashion often had blood or paint thrown on their steps. These kinds of things are just not normal or permitted in today?s world. It is true that they do sometimes occur, but the responsible party often ends up looking worse that the person they were trying to hurt. Lusanna was said to have had several lovers. She was not able to become pregnant due to medical problems. This pretty much left her free to have unprotected sex with as many lovers as she wanted. It is true that there are women today with this same type of free love attitude, but there are serious consequences in todays world that will greatly hamper such a life style. One thing that is very similar about their time and today?s world in the fact that women will condemn each other for being guilty of immoral acts. It seemed as though many of the women in this story were aganist Lusanna because of her actions. There is no question that women in today?s world act in a very similar manner. A difference about women in this day in age is that they have ea great deal more freedom. It was said in the book that a woman was not supposed to look a man in the eye while in public. They were with out question second class citizens. In this story Giovanni ended up having his way probably because of who he knew and what family he was a member of. In this world, no matter when or where a person lives, the upper class will always have the power. The fact is, money is power, and with the greed that is naturally built into every human, money will consistently come out on top. It is very true that there are some similarities between this time and that one, but it should be apparent that people of today?s world have socially evolved.

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples Nuclear Isomer Definition Nuclear isomers are atoms with the same mass number and atomic number, but with different states of excitation in the atomic nucleus. The higher or more excited state is called a metastable state, while the stable, unexcited state is called the ground state. How They Work Most people are aware electrons can change energy levels and be found in excited states. An analogous process occurs in the atomic nucleus when protons or neutrons (the nucleons) become excited. The excited nucleon occupies a higher energy nuclear orbital. Most of the time, the excited nucleons return immediately to the ground state, but if the excited state has a half-life longer than 100 to 1000 times that of normal excited states, it is considered a metastable state. In other words, the half-life of an excited state is usually on the order of 10-12 seconds, while a metastable state has a half-life of 10-9 seconds or longer. Some sources define a metastable state as having a half-life greater than 5 x 10-9 seconds to avoid confusion with the half-life of gamma emission. While most metastable states decay quickly, some last for minutes, hours, years, or much longer. The reason metastable states form is because a larger nuclear spin change is needed in order for them to return to the ground state. High spin change makes the decays forbidden transitions and delays them. Decay half-life is also affected by how much decay energy is available. Most nuclear isomers return to the ground state via gamma decay. Sometimes gamma decay from a metastable state is named isomeric transition, but its essentially the same as normal short-lived gamma decay. In contrast, most excited atomic states (electrons) return to the ground state via fluorescence. Another way metastable isomers can decay is by internal conversion. In internal conversion, the energy that is released by the decay accelerates an inner electron, causing it to exit the atom with considerable energy and speed. Other decay modes exist for highly unstable nuclear isomers. Metastable and Ground State Notation The ground state is indicated using the symbol g (when any notation is used). The excited states are denoted using the symbols m, n, o, etc. The first metastable state is indicated by the letter m. If a specific isotope has multiple metastable states, the isomers are designated m1, m2, m3, etc. The designation is listed after the mass number (e.g., cobalt 58m or 58m27Co, hafnium-178m2 or 178m272Hf). The symbol sf may be added to indicate isomers capable of spontaneous fission. This symbol is used in the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. Metastable State Examples Otto Hahn discovered the first nuclear isomer in 1921. This was Pa-234m, which decays in Pa-234. The longest-lived metastable state is that of 180m73 Ta. This metastable state of tantalum has not been seen to decay and appears to last at least 1015 years (longer than the age of the universe). Because the metastable state endures so long, the nuclear isomer is essentially stable. Tantalum-180m is found in nature at an abundance of about 1 per 8300 atoms. Its thought perhaps the nuclear isomer was made in supernovae. How They Are Made Metastable nuclear isomers occur via nuclear reactions and can be produced using nuclear fusion. They occur both naturally and artificially. Fission Isomers and Shape Isomers A specific type of nuclear isomer is the fission isomer or shape isomer. Fission isomers are indicated using either a postscript or superscript f instead of m (e.g., plutonium-240f or 240f94Pu). The term shape isomer refers to the shape of the atomic nucleus. While the atomic nucleus tends to be depicted as a sphere, some nuclei, such as those of most actinides, are prolate spheres (football-shaped). Because of quantum mechanical effects, de-excitation of excited states to the ground state is hindered, so the excited states tend to undergo spontaneous fission or else return to the ground state with a half-life of nanoseconds or microseconds. The protons and neutrons of a shape isomer may be even further from a spherical distribution than the nucleons on the ground state. Uses of Nuclear Isomers Nuclear isomers may be used as gamma sources for medical procedures, nuclear batteries, for research into gamma ray stimulated emission, and for gamma ray lasers.

The Trade-Off Theory of Capital Structure Coursework

The Trade-Off Theory of Capital Structure - Coursework Example According to Pacific Daily News (2014), the recent GPA successfully sold $76.47 million of revenue bonds The concept of dividend signaling asserts that the announcement of dividend payments by a company contributes positively to the future prospects of the company. The announcement of a rise in dividend payout helps to solidify the prospects in the market and improves the image of the company in lieu of growth prospects and stability in the future. How much will a firm receive in net funding from a firm commitment underwriting of 250, 000 shares priced to the public at $40 if a 10% underwriting spread has been added to the price paid by the underwriter? Additionally, the firm pays $600, 000 in legal fees According to Baker (2005), underwriter spread fall in the category of direct expenses whilst management fees such as legal feels falls with the indirect issuance expenses. Hence, $1.9 million becomes the direct expenses and $1.65 million become the indirect expense for the issuer. In economics, the value of the firm is linked to profit maximization; as a result, the value of the firm is the present value of the firm’s current and future profits. In finance to determine the present value of a firm, the present income is multiplied by five. Hence, the present value of ABC is operating incomeX5.

DNA Restriction and Electrophoresis Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DNA Restriction and Electrophoresis - Lab Report Example The various endonucleases used areECORI, Bain HI, and Hind III.Each of these enzymes has at least five or more restriction sites on the chromosome and it consequently produces six or more restriction fragments of different lengths. The DNA strands are then immersed in a well of 0.8% agarose gel, which is the chosen medium.An electrical field, is applied to the gel evenly which makes the DNA fragments move faster from their original placement towards the positively charged electrode. The smaller DNA fragments travel faster through the gel than the larger ones. The gel actually acts like a sieve. Depending on the restriction enzyme used the DNA fragments separate into distinct bands during electrophoresis. The bands are then stained with a dye to make the invidual restriction enzymes evidently distinguishing them with a dye that attaches itself to the DNA molecule. Electrophoresing can be detected by hydrogen gas bubbling from the negative electrode and oxygen being given off by the positive electrode. These are products of the electrolysis of water. This is the first sign that current is flowing through electrophoresis system. Shortly afterwards bands of loading dye should be seen moving into the gel and migrating towards the positive pole of the apparatus. ... The movement of the DNA fragments are highlighted by the dye which forms coloured bands.(See above and below) Results: Depending on the endonuclease used, the digested DNA samples, exhibit the characteristic bands produced by each restriction. The enzyme is seen because of a dye that is introduced and shows the pattern of movement of the DNA fragments. Various restriction enzymes: There are several types of restriction enzymes, each of which react differently with the DNA and create different cuts. there are some that cut a three base pair sequence while others can cut four six or even eight. Each enzyme has different properties that are factors that determine the efficiency with which the DNA is cut and under what conditions optimum results will be obtained. Manufacturers of these restriction enzymes usually provide a specific buffer solution that is unique to the enzyme. This buffer solution is a mix of cat ions and other components that optimize the efficiency of the enzyme for cutting. Different restriction enzymes have different optimal temperatures under which they function. Conclusion: It can be observed that each sample of purified DNA reacts differently with the varied restriction enzymes. The fourth sample used for the negative control remains intact; as it has been incubated without, an endonuclease.The new DNA fragment can then be extracted from the gel by cutting it and doing gel purification. Vector ligation is used as the insert point. The ligation of the vector has to be cut also by a restriction

The Accidental Tourist- Macon's Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Accidental Tourist- Macon's Change - Essay Example The novel is mainly based on Macon Leary and how his metamorphosis comes about. How one deals with death and tragedy matters a lot, Macon loses his son in a shoot-out so he is clearly shown as a devastated man, the same also affects his marriage with his life and they decide to separate. The process of reconciliation is important, initially Macon does not want to be friendly with anyone, he is hostile and extremely upset because he loses his son but he later changes his attitude and adapts well in-spite of his great loss. Sarah and Muriel are the two love interests in the life of Macon, Muriel is his lover in the novel and Sarah is his wife. Some very interesting and important sequences of events happen in Paris. Macon gets injured in Paris in the novel, his back gets badly hurt and Sarah looks after him. He gets to juxtapose the qualities of the two women this time around, in doing so he finds that he is really uncomfortable with Sarah and he has to be someone else when he is with h is wife Sarah. On the other hand he finds life to be rosy when he is with Muriel; he is really comfortable when she is around. This makes a lot of difference in how events unfold in the novel, Macon also changes a lot after he notices such fine differences in the two women in his life. â€Å"In spite of Muriel’s difference from Macon in age, class, and outlook on life, once Macon has admitted to her his pain over Ethan’s death, he comes to realize, that she too, has been hurt in her life, that he is not the only person ever to feel pain.† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon changes and finds that even though Muriel is eccentric she is much different from Sarah and he falls for her. "Now that Ethan's dead I sometimes wonder if there's any point to life," Macon responds, "It never seemed to me there was all that much point to begin with."  (The Accidental Tourist) The way Sarah dealt with the loss of their child was extremely different from the way Macon dealt with t he loss, the differences between the two most important characters of the novel are very important to observe to be able to determine the extent of change Macon went through in the novel. â€Å"When Macon is with Muriel he is not detached and cold; he gradually comes to see other people in the world not as faceless mobs of people but as individuals doing the best they can to get through life† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon realizes the differences between Sarah and Muriel; he wanted to start a relationship with Muriel in-spite of their differences. There were quite a few differences between the two, their age was not ideal nor was anything else, both belonged to different cultures and Sarah had even pointed out the changes but they complimented each other well. â€Å"He had not taken steps very often in his life   . . . all seemed to have simply befallen him.   He couldn’t think of a single major act he had managed of his own accord.   Was it too late to begin?à ‚   Was there any way he could learn to do things differently.† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon finally realized that Muriel was the woman who brought the best out of him each day and he can be happy should he decide to stay with Muriel. His outlook towards life changed because of Muriel, with Sarah he was a very different person and with Muriel he was another person. â€Å"

Freud and Eysencks Theories of Crime

Freud and Eysencks Theories of Crime Freud Eysencks Theory of Crime Crime Introduction By studying the work of criminologist’s Freud and Eysenck, this essay will consist of me looking at key psychological factors, I will look at the strengths and limitations of their personality theories of crime. I will put forward a wide range of explanations, by studying the work of the criminologists and trying to understand the causes of crime, for example psychological issues. Psychology relates to the study of peoples’ mind. Psychological theories of crime look at the differences in individual behaviour and how that makes it more likely for individuals to commit a criminal act. The reason for these differences may be due to personality characteristics, biological factors, or social connections. (Freud, S. 1961) Psychodynamic explanations of crime and criminal behaviour have their origins, by looking at the significant work of Sigmund Freud (1956-1939). The psychoanalytical model developed by Freud in which he believes that a human progresses, early in life. Freud comes to say the human personality has three sets of interacting forces. These include the id, the ego and the superego. These are three components in a human personality that initiate them to behave in the manner they do and make individuals what they are. Firstly the id which is believed to be primitive, which supply’s unconscious drives for food and sex. The id triggers humans to do all the things that feel good, regardless if they are wrong. A child who is cries when they are hungry, this is the id triggering the child for the needs to be met. Secondly, is the superego which contains the conscience. According to Freud the superego consists of values and morals internalised through a person’s life. The super ego merges between the id and ego. It helps individuals feel good about something they have done right and feel guilty for something they have done wrong. Thirdly, the ego or the conscious personality, this personality component helps humans face reality by adjudicating between the other two components id and superego. Ego helps individuals not to follow every desire they have which is created by the id. This component allows the principle of reality which guides improper sexual and aggressive drives to suitable intentions. The ego is something that is learnt. Freud believes humans are born with their id. Freud believes the id holds importance to the personality, for example the id allows a newborn to get its needs met by crying. The id is set on getting pleasure; the id wants whatever feels good despite the outcome of the situation being bad. By looking at the example of a child who will cry to meet his satisfactions, this is a good way to explain how the id works; the id will speak until the needs are met. The id just wants to meet its own satisfaction without any consideration about reality. Looking at babies who are inconsiderate to their parents, weather there parents are sleeping eating etc if they want something they will cry for it until they get it. This shows if the id wants something, noting else is important. During the child developing through life the second component of the personality develops. This is known as the ego, the ego looks at the reality theory. Not like the id the ego is more considerate it understands feeling and emotions of others and takes them into account. Therefore the ego meets the needs of the id, at the same time looking at the reality of the condition. By the time a child is five the development of the third personality component develops. Freud called this Superego. The superego is seen as the honest part of humans. It determines what is right or wrong by looking the moral and ethical barriers placed by people around us. The ego according to Freud is the most powerful component. Freud believes that the ego complies with the desires of the id and the superego. At the same time the ego relates on the factors of reality. Freud believed that if the id gets a strong desire and self satisfaction obtains an individuals life. The stronger the superego is, the more an individual will be driven to harsh ethics. By looking at the development of the superego, is it said that the superego acts on the ego. The superego is believed to internally have rules and punishments; the superego praises and punishes the child in the same way as the parents. This then builds up to the child learning what is right and wrong. The id works for pleasure and superego wants control; the relationship with parents is seen as important. Assumed that the failure to develop a superego was the result of the parents being unloving or absent for much of the child’s upbringing (Aichhorn, 1963). Nevertheless having parents who are kind and caring could have the same effect. Freud’s theory concludes around the idea that inner, dynamic forces influence human behaviour. On the other hand Eysenck was one in many psychologists to study personality. Eysenck’s personality theory was different. Eysenck based it upon psychological concepts of conditioning whereas Freud’s theory was based on conscience, but Eysenck viewed the concept very differently. Eysenck believes there is a biological basis to personality. Were individuals are genetically predestined. Eysenck believes individuals tend to learn the rules and norms of society through conscious. This is obtained through happenings in life, when involved in certain situations. He goes on to say the good receive rewards and the bad or unexpected are punished. Eysenck also believes there are three dimensions to a personality. Firstly extraversion which is said to have two components impulsiveness and sociability, each of which are independent of each other. Eysenck looked at extroversion as individuals who enjoy ‘positive events’ especially social events, they are seen to enjoy involvement in gatherings e.g. parties. They enjoy mixing in with others and talking rather then being on their own. Extraverts are seen to ‘fade’ if they are on their own or bored. People who are extraverts enjoy interacting with other and are seen to be assertive and talkative. Extraversion in individuals allows them to spend more time with people and less time on their own. They are seen to have a more positive approach and are more energised when people are around. They are seen to take risks and hold leadership abilities. Low extraversion is expressed as introversion. This is totally opposite to extroversion. Example of introverts are writers, artist etc. People with high introversion are only concerned and interested in their own psychological life. Introverts enjoy spending time on there own, for example they enjoy reading and writing rather than engaging in activities such as social gatherings. Introverts are seen to be ‘low key’. Introverts enjoy observing situations before they take part, they allow themselves to concentrate on a certain activity or person before they get involved or take part in another. Introverts should not be considered as shy people, due to them as individuals enjoying time spent by themselves; they don’t hold fear of mixing in with people. Due to there own preference they enjoy time spent on their own. Eysenck referred neuroticism or instability to individuals who have negative emotions, such as people who are moody, anxious, and highly insensitive. Stability then is the lack of this behaviour. Individuals with high N are seen as neurotic; whereas someone with a low score would be see as stable. Eysenck found that women are more neurotic than men. Little (1963) carried out research by comparing the scores for convicted young offenders on the extroversion and neuroticism scope with those who are non-offenders. The outcome of his research was that there was no difference in relation to extroversion but the offenders scored higher on the neuroticism dimension. Neither element showed the relation of replicate offending. Eysenck (1977) agues that different combinations of different personality scopes within people influence their capability to learn not to offend and therefore the level of offending someone with a high E and high N equal a stable introvert. Introverts are seen as the most effectively conditioned. Eysenck found that stable extroverts and neurotic introverts come somewhere between the two limits in provisions such as conditioning. Sigmund Freud defined psychoanalysis as â€Å"a method of mind investigation, and especially of the unconscious mind† (Freud 1920). Looking at the relationship between psychoanalysis and crime, Freud created the psychoanalytic theory; this theory is used in criminology to explain crime. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is based on the fact that individuals welfare of a strong relation between the id, ego and superego. However Freud never had much to say about crime. This theory is based on the basis of why crime is committed, and the reasons for crime within an individual. Freud based it on the fact that crime is caused by e.g. conflict in individual’s early life that leads them to become criminals. Freud’s theory suggests that individuals with anti-social tendencies, in the unconscious of there mind, they tend to think back to traumatic events in their early life, which causes long term psychological problems. Another reason why Freud believes individuals become criminals and start committing crimes is due to the id getting out of control. Freud went on to say that there are three possible reasons for individuals to commit crime which relate to his theory are: Strong conscious – which creates guilt within individuals Weak conscious – which does not control individual desires and Criminal needs for instant pleasure. Freud’s theory suggests that individuals may have tension or disagreements in their mind which lead to guilt. As a result they gain views and feelings inside that make them wanting to be punished. He feels unconscious differences reason crime. Displacement according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is when an individual’s desire changes from something that is wrong or intolerable to something that is right and suitable. For example when something does not go right for someone i.e. exam: and the pupil feels angry at the teacher due to them asking hard, difficult questions. The pupil knows that they can’t say anything to the teacher and to take they anger out they take it out on someone closer to them i.e. there little brother. This allows individuals not to commit crime and control their feelings and urges and carry out their anger in not a criminal manner. Freud expresses repression as the procedure to condemnation. He believes that people have memories, urges, etc but these feelings are hard or unacceptable to think about, individuals tend to take them out there mind and conscious and not think about them. This is what Freud expressed repression as, which is comparable to suppression. Theories of over control start with the view that crime and criminality are: subjective, meaning there is confliction between them as the definition changes over time. Over control relates to the concern of criminalisation, and why individuals become selected criminals and why individuals react different to them. Over control is a theory that society can make, adjust or remove rules which have been placed. The development of a criminal personality can be due to the way a child had been bought up from an early age. This could lead to the child developing a criminal personality when the child becomes older. Freud planned two different models of criminal behaviour. He firstly looked at the types of criminal activity e.g. arson shoplifting etc. he looked at his theory psychosexual development and believed that the disruption of psychic development which may easily be disrupted, leading to neuroses. He believed that people affected at anyone or more of theses periods in childhood may be the reason for criminal behaviour in later life. Freud believes that psychosexual development of a child is the inspiration or impact of the parents, the impact of the parents is seen to be unconscious. Freud believed that both parents and child are not conscious of the influence they have on each other, therefore he believed that there is less chance of parents producing children that offend. Secondly Freud’s model of criminal behaviour was the offenders acquire a weak conscious. Freud stated that the progress on the conscious is essentially significant on the upbringing of the child. He sees morals are closely linked to guilt, and those individuals who have an unconscious guilt are the ones who are most liable to be part of criminal behaviour. Aichhorn (1925) argued that the birth of a child has certain natural desires that want satisfactions. A child is unaware and unaffected by the values of society surrounding the child. The parents therefore should bring the child to a social state. If the upbringing of the child is ineffective the child remains asocial. This could lead to actual offending behaviour. He believed that individuals with fully developed conscious but had parents who were criminals themselves. Secondly there were those who had been allowed to do whatever they wanted by weak parents. I think that psychoanalysis can be used to explain types of serial killing or mental disorders. I feel that individuals who kill people or suffer from a mental illness is due to past experiences they experienced, therapists use psychoanalysis in order to retrieve into the unconscious mind of an individual. They get individuals to talk about what comes into there head and studying the dreams of the individual, the therapist than makes the individual aware of things that are going occurring in there mind that they are unconscious of. Theorists believe the unconscious mind is strange. They believe that individuals cannot work out there problems themselves, which lead to other people sorting out there issues. The criticism of this theory is that people believe that Freud theory is too simple to explain the density of the human mind; Freud overstated sex and was seen to be sexiest. Looking at his theory was a feminist approach, Freud theories were believed to be essentially from a male viewpoint with his own self-analysis. He hardly integrated female viewpoints into his theories. Looking at the relationship between Eysenck’s personality theory and crime, Eysenck believes by looking at traditional theory there is no therapy of behavioural disorders. Eysenck’s theory of criminal behaviour puts together biology, social and individual features. Children who are socialised and bought up the right way, makes the child aware of the right and wrong things, they will then keep away from activities that will have consequences Eysenck believes children control there own impulses. Eysenck believes individual’s behaviour is inner initiative and motivation. Looking at personality and criminal behaviour it is believed that life alone can not justify why individuals turn to crime. Eysenck said that children that are born with criminal features or due to experiences that lead them to be criminals. Criminal doings are seen as inner desired which are not fulfilled (sublimation). Eysencks theory has been criticized due to a great amount of doubt and ambiguity regarding the validity and trueness of his theory. Farrington (1994) however proposed the approach taken seems to at least indentify a discrete connection involving offending and impulsiveness. Though Farrington found no significant connection with personality. Eysenck study on anti social behavior has not yet been fully tested. Conclusion By looking at the work of both criminologists Eysenck and Freud, I feel that the more research should be done on the causes of crime in the future, by looking at the critics of both theorist it has been said that Freud being sexist and the ambiguity of Eysenck work could not really clarify why individuals behave the way they do. I feel that more research should be put into the work of researchers. Looking at psychodynamic and behavioural learning traditions a criminal mind or personality does exist. References Aichorn, A. (1963). Wayward Youth. NY: Viking. Farrington, D. (1994). Psychological Explanations of Crime. Dartmouth: Aldershot. Freud, S. (1941). Criminals from a Sense of Guilt pp. 332-33 Vol. 14 The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press. Freud, S. (1961). The Complete Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19). London: Hogarth. Little, A. (1963). An Introduction to Criminological Theory: Second edition, Roger Hopkins Burke.

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens of Greenwich High :: essays research papers

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of Greenwich High The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of Greenwich High is a group of students interested in interacting with disabled students. These students go to the high school as well, and look forward to getting to know us. Each of the students have different disabilities but they each have the desire to make friends. This group is totally volunteer basis for all of it's members, no one has to attend. I have been a member of this group for the three years I have attended in Greenwich High. Spending a lot of time with these children I have learned to understand that they are just looking to make friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I joined this group as a freshman because I had worked with children with Down Syndrome during the eighth grade at Central Middle School. My interest carried on through out the years because of the numerous fun times I have had, and have made friends with many of the girls. They are all very personable and pleasant to talk with. They each have special characteristics defining them from the others, making each of them special in different ways, just like the rest us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aside from the meetings that we have every so often to discuss activities we can do, we usually do fun and interesting activities. We go out for pizza frequently because it seems to be the group consensus on what we would all like to eat. During the holidays we celebrate in interesting ways; on Halloween we have a party where every one gets dressed and brings candy. For the Christmas season we are going to celebrate with a party at a members house and listen to Christmas carols, and have dinner. We have had bake sales and have sold candy in order to raise money for the clubs activities. These are usually a success because every one participates and we all seem to function well as a group. When there are dances or football games at school we each take one of the girls and it's good for them because they get to interact with the rest of the school at a big function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This club is not only fun, but it's like going to a meeting with some of your friends. We are a small group and we all get along. Since we are a small group it is also difficult for us to do a lot of things. It is difficult to educate the larger part of the public who doesn't know what these kids are like.

Market Plan for Monster Energy Drink Essay

Monster Energy is an American brand of energy drink created and marketed by Hansen Natural Corporation. Monster calls itself the meanest energy drink on the planet. It’s a big hit in the United States that delivers twice the buzz of a regular energy drink. Monster’s US portfolio includes the flagship Monster and Lo-carb plus specially blended hybrid energy + juice, energy + soda, and coffee + energy products. Monster is the US 16 oz. segment leader, with sales nearly double that of the next closest 16 oz. competitor. The energy drink category to a large extent is image driven. The Monster design is aggressive without being intimidating. Monster’s proprietary energy blend is a combination of the right ingredients in the right proportion to deliver what the energy drink consumer is looking for, the â€Å"energy buzz! † For more product information, see Appendix I. Though Monster Energy is not widely advertised in the media, it receives a large amount of recognition from its sponsorship of various sporting events. Market and Competitive Analysis Energy Drink Market The energy drink category is one of the fastest growing worldwide. Sales of energy drinks are taking off in Australia, with the energy drink category being the fastest growing category in Australian convenience stores (See Appendix II). The value growth of energy drinks in the Australian convenience channel was up 22. 3% from 2006 to 2007. The Australian Market Adel? Key Competitors The Australian energy drink market is dominated by two big players. In 2006, Red Bull and V Energy held a combined 94% share of the Australian energy drinks market (ACNeilson). Recently, these two have been challenged by the relaunch of Mother Energy by Coca Cola Amtail, which claimed to have captured 12. 7% of the energy drink category in the grocery and convenience channels in mid 2008. To capture a piece of the rapidly growing industry, many new energy drinks have been introduced in the Australian market. Key competitors include Lucozade, Wild NRG, Naughty Energy, Jugular, and Hype. The competing products include similar ingredients such as caffeine, sucrose, vitamins, taurine, ginseng, and guarana. They target essentially the same group of active young people: V targets ages 18-24 and Red Bull markets to 18-29. The main product differentiation seems to be in taste and marketing. (See Appendix III for detailed competitor information). Marketing Objectives First Year 1)10% share of Australian energy drink market 2)Distribution of 60% in retail and convenience stores in Area 1 (see Appendix II) 3)Distribution of 50% in bars and fast food in Area 1 Second Year 1)Capture 5% more market share nationwide 2)Test restaurant concept: Achieve 10% distribution in restaurants in current market 3)Introduce additional flavors of Monster Energy and Monster Java – Achieve placement of new products in 50% of existing customers by year end Marketing Strategy Positioning Monster represents a lifestyle. Monster is aggressive, cool, sinister, dark, mysterious and fun. Monster is about action sports, punk rock music, partying, girls, and living life on the edge. The Monster name and design are perfectly in-tune with the category’s core consumers. The Monster brand targets 21-35 year-old males and females, who are nonconformists, independently spirited and embrace a non-traditional identity and lifestyle. Product Strategy In Australia, we will adhere to Monster’s proven image and packaging. We will begin by introducing the two best-selling flavors, the Original green and Low-Carb blue flavors. These products make up ___% of the brand’s domestic sales. The packaging will remain consistent. The cans will be black with the large Monster â€Å"M’ logo. We will start by introducing the 16-ounce aluminum cans only. We feel that the market would better accept this size than the even larger 24-ounce cans or the huge 32-ounce â€Å"BFC† cans that are also sold domestically. Because most energy drinks in Australia are sold in small 250mL cans, the 16-ounce can will be a â€Å"Monster† of a product. The large can concept has already been proven in this market by the success of the new Mother energy drink 500mL can. The package sizes offered will be cases of 24 individual cans and 4-can packs. We will advise retailers to sell the cans individually to encourage trial and as 4 packs for a slight discount. Pricing Strategy Adel Communication Strategy Monster is a viral brand that focuses on word-of-mouth communication. Very little mass communication is used domestically, and that strategy will be continued in the Australian market. Instead of purchasing television or print advertising, Monster’s promotional budget will focus on creating buzz and a strong, loyal following in the target market. We will continue the Monster strategy of sponsoring extreme sports events and athletes. We will find several more Australian athletes to sponsor, and we will focus much of our attention on the popular Australian surfing market. Monster will also emphasize product sampling. We will unveil a Monster Van and sales team that will hand out product in key markets and attend events. The van will be brimming with free product samples as well as gear such as t-shirts, hats, and stickers in order to incite buzz. To foster loyalty, Monster will create a branch of its monsterarmy. com website that will be called Monster Army Australia. The website will allow Monster fans to create profiles, share pictures of their Monster collections, discuss extreme sports, and apply for sponsorship. It will also allow the company to gauge consumer reaction to new products and strategies by using polling, surveys, and discussion forums. Lastly, Monster will try a new tactic in the Australian market to target college-aged consumers. Monster will launch a Contemporary Marketing Team that consists of 6 college students from different geographical areas. These student representatives will provide hands-on, personal marketing to their peers by attending events and handing out samples and gear. They will also be responsible for visiting bars in their area to discuss Monster mixed drink options and introduce Monster as a nightlife drink. Distribution Strategy Monster energy will create an alliance with beer distributors in Australia to facilitate the distribution. In the United States, Monster signed a distribution agreement with beer company Anheuser-Bush to move its distribution from Coca Cola. The move allowed Monster to still compete in the retail stores, but it better positioned the brands in the hands of people who have more expertise in bar and restaurant sales. This had a great effect on sales, and we want to capitalize on this from the start when moving into Australia. Marketing Research Plan Adel Action Plan The launch plan for the Australian market will take place in four-month increments. Phase 1: January – April 2009 The two base flavors (Original green and Lo-Carb blue) will be introduced Area 1 (see Appendix __). Distributors will be provided with product information, selling strategies, and giveaway items to aid in placement into retailers and bars. The Monster Van will be employed to provide immediate sampling and introduce the product directly to consumers. This will raise product awareness and help to gain distribution through a pull strategy in which consumers ask retailers to stock the product. Monster will sponsor three major junior surfing events (see Appendix __) to help introduce the brand. The events will provide an opportunity to give out free product samples, t-shirts, hats, and stickers, as well as to ask research questions to target consumers. Phase 2: May – August 2009 Monster’s internet team will launch the Monster Army Australia website for Monster fans in the new market. Cash incentives will be offered to distributors for reaching set distribution goals such as product placements, displays, and shelf space. Importantly, the second phase of distribution will begin. Area 1 will receive four new Monster flavors to sell: Monster Energy â€Å"Assault† red and â€Å"Khaos† orange, and Monster Java â€Å"Mean Bean† and â€Å"Loca Moca. â€Å" Geographic distribution will expand by introducing the base green and blue flavors to Area 2. Phase 3: September – December 2009 The Contemporary Marketing Team of college students will be launched. Six representatives from various colleges and geographic areas will be chosen to represent and market products to their peers. These students will be provided with product training and free gear. Also, a contest will be launched on the Monster Army Australia website to allow Monster drinkers to vote on their choice for the next new flavor. The contest will be advertised through signs and banners that distributors make and post in their areas. Phase 4: January – April 2010 The final phase of the introduction will expand the distribution of Monster into Area 3. General nationwide brand awareness should have been reached, so all products will be available in all areas to avoid confusion. The available products will include five flavors of Monster Energy and two flavors of Monster Java. To create your own version of this template, edit the contents of this document and then save it as a template: 4)Insert your company name and address in place of the text on the cover page by clicking once and typing. 5)On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save As Type box, choose Document Template (the filename extensions should change from . doc to . dot) and save the template. How to Create a Report. To create a report from your newly saved template, on the File menu, click New. In the New Document task pane, under Templates, click On my computer. In the Templates dialog, your updated template will appear on the General tab. (Your company information should appear in place. ) For the body of your report, use Styles such as Heading 1-5, Body Text, Block Quotation, List Bullet, and List Number from the Style control on the Formatting toolbar. How to Create Bullets and Numbered Lists ?To create a bulleted list like this, select one or more paragraphs and choose the List Bullet style from the Style drop-down list on the formatting toolbar. To create a numbered list like the numbered paragraphs above, select one or more paragraphs and choose the List Number style from the Style drop-down list. This Style—the Block Quotation—can be used for quotes, notes or paragraphs of special interest. To use the Block Quotation Style, highlight any paragraph and choose Block Quotation from the style drop-down list on the Formatting toolbar. How to Create a Table of Contents To create a Table of Contents for this report, position your cursor on the blank TOC page. From the Insert menu choose Reference, then Index and Tables. Click on the Table of Contents tab. Be sure to use the Custom Style format. More Template Tips There are four ways to view the various style names of template text: 1)Open the Styles and Formatting task pane by choosing Styles and Formatting from the Format menu. The style for the selected text shows in the pane. 2)For Normal or Outline view, from the Tools menu, choose Options. Click the View tab. In the Style Area Width box, dial up a number such as â€Å"1† and click OK. Observe the style name next to each paragraph. 3)Click on any paragraph. View the style name on the Formatting toolbar. 4)From the Format menu choose Theme, then Style Gallery. In the Preview section click on Style Samples. How to Create a Table Choose Insert from the Table menu. Be sure to choose the Professional AutoFormat if you are using a Professional style template. To modify an existing table, such as the table below, position your cursor in any cell. To modify the table, access the Table menu to select the desired action and/or result. Competitor RankingCurrent ShareShare in 3 Yrs. Largest competitor50%30% Second largest competitor25%20% Third largest competitor15%12% Table: Projected growth of competitors over 3 years. How to Edit Table Text You can edit and format table text like regular text. Simply select text and type to replace, and use the Format menu to change the font and/or paragraph attributes. How to Change a Header or Footer In Print Layout view, choose Header or Footer from the View menu. Once activated, you can change or delete the text just like regular text. When done, click Close to exit. To delete a ruling line in the Header or Footer, from the Format menu choose Borders and Shading. Choose None from the Preset section, and click OK. SOURCES: http://www. abmarketing. com/images/HandSelling/Documents/MonsterPitch_112707(1). pdf http://au. acnielsen. com/site/documents/NielsenConvenienceReport07finalLR2. pdf.

The Case Against Giant Sharks

The Case Against Giant Sharks Does anyone remember when Shark Week used to be about sharksthe biology of sharks, the lifestyles of sharks, fun facts about sharks and the people who watch them? Well, those days are long gone: now we have made-up documentaries about giant prehistoric sharks like Megalodon and endlessly recycled exposes of humongous, mythical, 40-foot-long Great Whites that swallow other sharks practically whole. (Lest you think  Im unfairly picking on The Discovery Channel, bear in mind that no less an eminence than The Smithsonian Channel has aired dreck like Hunt for the Super Predator.) But before we go any further, heres an important caveat. There are, in fact, gigantic predators lurking beneath the oceans depths, some of which have only rarely been glimpsed by humansthe classic example being the Giant Squid, which can grow to over 40 feet long. But even the Giant Squid isnt as giant as its cracked up to be: this elongated invertebrate weighs only a few hundred pounds, and its cousin, the Giant Octopus, is only about the size of a well-fed fifth-grader. If these real-life cephalopods are nothing like the monsters depicted in movies and unscrupulous TV shows, imagine how much license producers take when it comes to the long-extinct Megalodon! Everyone clear on this? OK, time for some questions and answers. Q. Isnt it conceivable that a Great White Shark could be 30 or 40 feet long? After all, there are well-documented examples of 20-foot-long Great Whites, and 30 feet isnt that much bigger. A. Lets put it this way: the late NBA star Manute Bol was one of the tallest human beings who ever lived, at seven feet and seven inches. Does the fact of Manute Bols existence mean that human beings can potentially grow 10 or 11 feet tall? No, it doesnt, because there are genetic and physiological constraints on how large any given species, including Homo sapiens, can grow. The same logic applies to all animals: there are no 40-foot-long Great White Sharks for the same reason there are no five-foot-long house cats or 20-ton African elephants. Q. Megalodon swam the worlds oceans for millions of years. Why is it so impossible to believe that a small population, or even one individual, has survived into the present day? A. A species can only prosper as long as environmental conditions are conducive to its continued existence. In order for, say, a population of 100 Megalodons to thrive off the coast of South Africa, their territory would have to be stocked with the kinds of giant whales these sharks feasted on during the Pliocene epochand theres no evidence for the existence of these giant whales, much less for Megalodon itself. As for the persistence into modern times of one lone, ornery individual, thats a tired cultural trope directly traceable to the original Godzilla movie, way back in the 1950sunless youre willing to believe that Megalodon has a million-year life span. Q. Ive seen reasonable-looking people on nature shows who insist theyve seen 40-foot-long sharks. Why should they go out of their way to lie? A. Well, why would your Uncle Stanley lie when he said that Bluefin Tuna ​that got away was seven feet long? Human beings like to impress other human beings, and they arent very good at estimating the sizes of things that lie outside a human scale. In the best cases, these people arent intentionally trying to deceive anyone; they just have a misplaced sense of proportion. In the worst cases, of course, they are intentionally trying to deceive the public, either because theyre sociopaths, theyre out to make a quick buck, or theyve been instructed to misrepresent the truth by TV producers. Q. The Loch Ness Monster surely exists. So why cant there be a living Megalodon off the South African coast? A. As Lois Griffin once said to Peter on Family Guy, Hold on to that thought, because Im gonna explain to you when we get home all the things that are wrong with that statement. There is absolutely no reliable evidence that the Loch Ness Monster (or Bigfoot, or Mokele-mbembe) actually exists, unless you want to credit the kind of fuzzy, forged photographs that shows like Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives traffic in. In fact (and Ill probably be wildly misquoted here), Im inclined to say that theres LESS evidence for the existence of Megalodon than there is for the Loch Ness Monster! Q. How can the Discovery Channel lie about the existence of Megalodon, or giant Great White Sharks? Isnt it legally required to state the facts? A. Im not a lawyer, but based on all the available evidence, the answer is no. Like any TV channel, Discovery is in the business of making a profitand if hogwash like Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives or Megalodon: The New Evidence brings in big bucks (the former shows 2013 premiere was viewed by five million people), the networks executives will gladly look the other way. In any case, the First Amendment makes it nearly impossible to hold broadcasters like Discovery to account: they have a constitutional right to spew half-truths and lies, and the public has the responsibility to doubt all of the evidence presented on these shows.

Top 5 Jobs in 2017 That Dont Require a College Degree

Top 5 Jobs in 2017 That Dont Require a College Degree when you’re looking for a job, you may see the same theme over and over: bachelor’s degree required; associate’s degree, minimum. if you don’t happen to have that degree in hand, it can be very disheartening. you know you have valuable skills and experience, but what will those get you if employers see that diploma as the baseline? don’t despair and resign yourself to a job or career you hate just because you think it’s your only option. we’re here to help you help you open doors and find a great job in the new year that works with the skills, experience, and goals you have. there are many jobs that don’t require a college degree. that being said, you can get a headstart on getting your gameplan in order for the coming year by taking a look at the information below. where do i start?of course, you can always just dive into job listings and start combing for jobs that don’t require a college degree. but it’s always a good idea to have an attack plan, if only to save yourself some time and aggravation as you get your hunt underway.get your resume together.a great resume is the entry point to any if you don’t have a degree, you should be packaging the skills and experience you do have, to package yourself as a superstar before you even start applying to jobs. we’ve got you covered on how to create your resume masterpiece:resume format guide: what your resume should look like in 2017the jobnetwork resume librarywhat is the best format for a resume?5 super tips on how to get your resume noticedavoid the resume black hole with these tipshow to create a resume packed with action words11 steps to writing the perfect resumethe ultimate resume guide for every job seeker5 things you should never put on your resumetarget your search.what are your interests, career-wise? do you already have particular skills or experience? use this information to figure out where you want to focus your job s earch.develop your skills.once you know where you want to focus your job search, make sure you have the skills necessary to succeed in that line of work. need to improve those typing skills? take a course! want to have a more solid understanding of how excel works? try an online tutorial. the more legwork and prep work you do up front, the better able you’ll be to package yourself for a given job opportunity.if your chosen job path involves certification or some kind of educational/training requirement, now’s the time to start looking at what that means, and whether you’re willing (or able) to make that commitment.be prepared for the long haul.getting a job is never easy, and it can be even more challenging at times if you don’t have a degree. but remember that employers value skills and experience highly as well- the degree isn’t everything. it’s about packaging yourself, and not giving up, even when it seems like â€Å"degree requiredâ₠¬  is the common denominator in all of the job postings you’re seeing.let’s look at 5 top jobs you should be looking at if you’re looking for a new career path or job opportunity:vet assistantparamedicnursing assistanttruck driverinside sales representativeall of these can be great entries to a new industry or profession, and let you start building the skills and experience you need to make it your career.the healthcare industryhealthcare is booming, with no real end in sight for a few reasons, including that people are more health-minded these days than ever before, and the baby boomer generation is aging and needs diverse kinds of medical and wellness care. becoming a doctor or a nurse will always require advanced education, but there are lots of great healthcare jobs out there that require only a high school degree (plus possible job-specific training, which in many cases you can get on the job). let’s look at five of the top healthcare jobs for 2017: veterinary assistanthumans aren’t the only ones who need great healthcare. if you’ve always been more partial to animalkind, this could be the career path you’re seeking.the job: vet assistants, sometimes also known as laboratory animal caretakers, are responsible for the care and treatment of animals in a clinical setting- often either a veterinary practice or a lab setting. their duties might include feeding and weighing animals, monitoring their vital signs, making sure they have clean cages/spaces, and providing nursing care before or after procedures. they might also assist the veterinarian or vet technicians during surgery or other procedures.the pay: median salary of $24,360 per year, or $11.71 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, on-the-job training.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 9% by 2024.interested in this growing profession? search veterinary assistant jobs in your area of the country!paramedicif you like bursts of adrenaline, are incredibly calm under pressure, and don’t pass out at the sight of blood, becoming a paramedic is a great option.the job: paramedics are first responders when anyone needs medical care. they’re sent by dispatchers to provide emergency medical care for accidents or acute illness, or to transport people to the hospital who unable to transport themselves.the pay: median salary of $24,360 per year, or $11.71 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, cpr training, plus certification and completion of a non-degree training program (typically less than 2 years).the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 24% by 2024.paramedics are always needed nationwide.  search paramedic jobs in your area of the country!nursing assistantnursing assistants provide very necessary care for patients, helping them with daily tasks to support recovery or independence.the job: nursing assistants, also called nursing aides, work in hospitals or long-term care facilities like rehabilitation centers or nursing homes. as part of the medical and nursing team, they provide basic care like assisting with feeding, bathing and other personal care tasks; monitoring vital signs; and ensuring patients take medication as prescribed.the pay: median salary of $25,710 per year, or $12.36 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, plus a training program. certified nursing assistants (cnas) will also need to meet additional licensing requirements.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 17% by 2024.this career is definitely on the rise. if you want to hop on while it’s on the upswing, search nursing assistant  jobs in your area of the country!the logistics industrypeople in logistics are responsible for getting things done. whether that’s making sure goods get from point a to point b, or managing inventory with deadly precision, these roles often require specialized training, but are usually open to those without a degree.truck driveryou don’t need a degree to hit the open road- just a commercial driver’s license, a clean record of responsible driving, and a love for meeting demanding schedules. it’s not a glamorous job, but it’s a very necessary one for our commercial economy.the job: truck drivers are responsible for moving large, heavy loads from one place to another. with online sales and delivery booming, this is an especially necessary field. it can be solitary (it’s often just you, the radio, and the aforementioned open road), but it’s a job that allows you to travel, be creative on the fly when there are obstacles, and be fairly independent.the pay: median salary of $40,260 per year, or $19.36 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or eq uivalent, plus a training program. many trucking companies offer on-the-job training. you will also need to have a commercial driver’s license (cdl) and a clean driving record.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 5% by 2024.truck drivers are needed in many industries nationwide. search for truck driver jobs in your area of the country!  the sales customer service industrysales is a field where your people skills and experience tend to outweigh a college degree. the ability to connect with people and sell them successfully on a product is something that can’t necessarily be taught in a classroom. this is also an industry that continues growing all the time- and once you have sales skills, you can apply them to all different kinds of jobs.sales representativesales representatives are responsible for getting (and keeping) customers for their product.the job: sales representatives are tasked with selling products, yes, but they’re also the keep er of the customer relationship. a major part of this job is cultivating relationships, and providing stellar service to keep those relationships going. exact duties and responsibilities vary depending on which industry you’re in, but once you have the skill set, it’s highly adaptable throughout many industries.the pay: median salary of $ $75,666, or $36.37 per hour.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 9% by 2024.sales reps are also needed nationwide, and the career is on the upswing.  search for sales representative jobs in your area of the country!  all of these industries are expected to grow in 2017, which offers great opportunity. if you’re looking to change jobs, or are just starting out, you don’t need to be scared away by listings that have a degree as the minimum barrier to entry. you have lots of opportunities open to you- you just need to come up with a plan of attack, a nd seize them

Assignment 1 Career Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 1 Career Research Report - Essay Example The report will hereby contain detailed information about a particular field, wherein I can focus to develop my career in accordance with my acquired knowledge and skills. Section 1 Occupational Research The research is based on the opportunities of a graduate student acquiring the knowledge of business and administration. This research has been conducted with the assistance of primary along with secondary sources. For carrying on the research study relating to the profession of an assistant team leader, first of all the employment news and the websites of the companies providing job opportunities have been followed. It can be viewed that the unemployment rate in the United Kingdom remained much stable at 7.70% from July 2013 till August 2013. This statistical data represents the number of people looking for a job in the UK (Trading Economics, 2013). The current data of the employment rate will provide an opportunity for applying to various companies, wherein desired jobs can be obta ined. During the conduct of the research concerning employment scope for the graduates, it can be apparently viewed that the Careers and Employability Centre has been providing various counselling sessions about the process of direct job hunting (McBride, 2013). In this regard, Carolyn McBride, one of the famous career advisors of the UK is involved in arranging various workshops and presentations in order to identify the employability opportunities as per acquired skills along with knowledge. The workshops provided the individuals with an opportunity to develop their respective skills along with knowledge in a more interactive way. Moreover, various career prospective related programs especially for the graduate students have been made available such as retail managers, public relations and sales managers among others. These programs advise the participants, seeking for jobs to follow the websites relating to job search (McBride, 2013). Section 2 Main Findings From the study of the aforesaid research, it can be affirmed that there are ample chances for the graduate students to work within a company as an assistant team leader. The study of business administration offers an all round study along with delivers ample opportunities of building brighter career (London School of Business & Finance, 2013). In the UK, there are many people who seek for jobs after the completion of their studies. Also, there has been a growing trend of the recruitment of the graduates possessing ample knowledge in the field of business and administration.

Implementing non-discriminatory service related to loss and Essay

Implementing non-discriminatory service related to loss and bereavement - Essay Example This paper intends to implement change in the bereavement process through instilling a counsellor in the ward. My clinical area ensures that services and resources are availed through education, health, voluntary sectors, and social care where each of the sectors comes to fore through different times of the bereavement process making work across providers significant to identify provision overlaps and gaps. The voluntary sector role is substantial in developing bereavement organisations across nations. The contribution is crucial because it provides support at points where contact to statutory services and relations to the deceased are over. Bereavement services of support are available through various voluntary agencies, mostly tailored to address bereavement impacts that result from various forms of deaths including road traffic accidents, neonatal and stillbirth deaths, suicide and murder (Humphrey, 2009). The sole Bereavement Services purpose is provision of services and facilities addressing the human life loss (Grey, 2010). The proposed change is to place a bereavement counsellor in one section of the ward. Continuity is in several cases more important as compared to the provider’s professional background while outside of palliative care and hospice services have a variation in willingness of some staff members towards providing this. The relatives will have an acknowledgement that the respective general practitioners will facilitate relief during the period (Machin, 2009). There are difficulties regarding the costing of volunteers’ contribution. Even though unpaid, these personnel have costs above opportunity costs that are relatively difficult to estimate. In case volunteers perceive counselling as favoured activities, the most appropriate choice is that reflecting leisure time rate. In adults studies, the bereaved have a likelihood of retiring while all other efforts of using wage rates in attending bereavement